|
Wrocław (; , (ドイツ語:Breslau)) is the largest city in western Poland. It is on the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly from the Baltic Sea to the north and from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. Wrocław is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. At various times in history, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, the Austrian Empire, Prussia, and Germany. It became part of Poland in 1945, as a result of the border changes after the Second World War. The population of Wrocław in 2014 was 634 487,〔http://stat.gov.pl/bdl/app/dane_podgrup.hier?p_id=415350&p_token=1275767262〕 making it the fourth-largest city in Poland. Wrocław classified as a global city by GaWC, with the ranking of high sufficiency and living standard. Wrocław was among 230 cities in the world in the ranking of the consulting company Mercer - "Best City to Live" in 2015 and the only Polish city in this ranking has been recognized as a city growing at the business center.〔http://www.uk.mercer.com/newsroom/2015-quality-of-living-survey.html〕 Wrocław is the only Polish city in the top ten places to visit in the ranking of the British newspaper ''The Guardian''. In 2016, the city will be the European Capital of Culture and the World Book Capital. Also, Wrocław will host the Theatre Olympics, World Bridge Games and the European Film Awards in 2016, IFLA Annual Conference and World Games in 2017. ==Etymology== The city's name was first recorded as "Wrotizlava" in the chronicle of German chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg, which mentions it as a seat of a newly installed bishopric in the context of the Congress of Gniezno. The first municipal seal stated ''Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie''. A simplified name is given, in 1175, as Wrezlaw, Prezla or Breslaw. The Czech spelling was used in Latin documents as ''Wratislavia'' or ''Vratislavia''. At that time, ''Prezla'' was used in Middle High German, which became ''Preßlau''. In the middle of the 14th century, the Early New High German (and later New High German) form of the name, ''Breslau'', began to replace its earlier versions. The city is traditionally believed to be named after Wrocisław or Vratislav, often believed to be Duke Vratislaus I of Bohemia. It is also possible that the city was named after the tribal duke of the Silesians or after an early ruler of the city called Vratislav. The city's name in various other languages is: (ハンガリー語:Boroszló), (チェコ語:Vratislav), German: Breslau, (ヘブライ語:ורוצלב) (''Vrotsláv''), (イディッシュ語:ברעסלוי) (''Bresloi''), Silesian German: ''Brassel'', and (ラテン語:Vratislavia) or ''Budorgis''〔 or ''Wratislavia''. The city's name in other languages is available at the list of names of European cities. Persons born or living in the city are known as "Vratislavians" ((ポーランド語:Wrocławianie)). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wrocław」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|